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4) the gdb debugger


This is the basic debugger, many linux debuggers are based on it.
Even though it does not have a fancy GUI, it does do the trick.

In order to use gdb one must use the -g flag when compiling!
 

Executing gdb is simple:  gdb program_name         (it can be run differently but for that RTFM)

gdb has an excellent built in help, you can type help from the gdb command line
and get a list of stuff to get help on, or type "help <something>", and get specific help
on something - either a command or a topic name.
Another good source for help on gdb is the info pages. Type: pinfo gdb
or info gdb if pinfo is not available.

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